MODERNIZING PROPAGANDA WOW, look at these stunning Japaneese Avant–Garde Postcards. Japan’s great tradition of exquisite graphic craftsmanship obviously is reflected here–but so also is the degree to which aesthetic sensibility had been modernized, “Westernized,“ and commercialized in ways unimagined only a decade or so earlier.



Explosions, hot-air military observation balloons, Russian and Japanese war flags, enemy gunboats, even sinking warships and landmines became transformed into emblems of beauty, modernity, and cutting-edge creativity. And all for a popular audience and a practical purpose. The “blank” spaces on the postcards, aesthetically attractive in themselves were where messages were written. In some cases, the personal message was handwritten right over the image.